innova specification

ENGINE TYPE DIESEL Grade G V Z X X X   7-Seater 8-Seater 7-Seater 8-Seater 7-Seater

DIMENSIONS

Overall Length 4585 mm Overall Width 1765 mm Overall Height 1760 mm Wheelbase 2750 mm Tread Front / Rear 1510 mm / 1510 mm Min. Turning Radius 5.4 m Fuel Tank Capacity 55 litres

WEIGHTS

Max. Kerb Weights 1675 kg 1680 kg 1700 kg Gross Weight 2300 kg 2300 kg 2300 kg

ENGINE

Type BS III: 2KD-FTV, Diesel with Turbocharger, 4 inline cylinder BS IV: 2KD-FTV, Diesel with Intercooler Turbocharger, 4 inline cylinder Valve Train 16 Valve DOHC Displacement 2494 cm³ (cc) Fuel Supply System Common-Rail Max. Output 75 kW @ 3600 rpm (102 PS @ 3600 rpm) Max. Torque BS III - 200 Nm @ 1400-3400 rpm (20.4 kg-m @ 1400-3400 rpm) BS IV - 200 Nm @ 1200-3600 (20.4 kg-m @ 1200-3600 rpm)

CHASSIS & TRANSMISSION

Suspension Front / Rear Double Wishbone / Four Link with Lateral Rod Brakes Front/Rear Ventilated Disc / Leading-Trailing Drum Tyres 205/65 R15 Tubeless Radials Transmission 5 Speed Manual

EXTERIOR FEATURES

please help

Fuel tank construction

While most tanks are manufactured, some fuel tanks are still fabricated by metal craftsmen or hand-made in the case of bladder-style tanks. These include custom and restoration tanks for automotive,aircraft, motorcycles, and even tractors. Construction of fuel tanks follows a series of specific steps. The craftsman generally creates a mockup to determine the accurate size and shape of the tank, usually out of foam board. Next, design issues that affect the structure of the tank are addressed - such as where the outlet, drain, fluid level indicator, seams, and baffles go. Then the craftsmen must determine the thickness, temper and alloy of the sheet he will use to make the tank. After the sheet is cut to the shapes needed, various pieces are bent to create the basic shell and/or ends and baffles for the tank. Many fuel tanks' baffles (particularly in aircraft and racecars) contain lightening holes. These flanged holes serve two purposes, they reduce the weight of the tank while adding strength to the baffles. Toward the ends of construction openings are added for the filler neck, fuel pickup, drain, and fuel-level sending unit. Sometimes these holes are created on the flat shell, other times they are added at the end of the fabrication process. Baffles and ends can be riveted into place. The heads of the rivets are frequently brazed or soldered to prevent tank leaks. Ends can then be hemmed in and soldered, or flanged and brazed (and/or sealed with an epoxy-type sealant) or the ends can be flanged and then welded. Once the soldering, brazing or welding is complete, the fuel tank is leak-tested.

Operation of alternator

Typical passenger vehicle and light truck alternators use Lundell or 'claw-pole' field construction. This uses a shaped iron core on the rotor to produce a multi-pole field from a single coil winding. The poles of the rotor look like fingers of two hands interlocked with each other. The coil is mounted axially inside this and field current is supplied by slip rings and carbon brushes. These alternators have their field and stator windings cooled by axial airflow, produced by an external fan attached to the drive belt pulley.

Compact alternator

Modern vehicles now use the compact alternator layout. This is electrically and magnetically similar, but has improved air cooling. Better cooling permits more power from a smaller machine. The casing has distinctive radial vent slots at each end and now encloses the fan. Two fans are used, one at each end, and the airflow is semi-radial, entering axially and leaving radially outwards. The stator windings now consist of a dense central band where the iron core and copper windings are tightly packed, and end bands where the windings are more exposed for better heat transfer. The closer core spacing from the rotor improves magnetic efficiency. The smaller, enclosed fans produce less noise, particularly at higher machine speeds.

Larger vehicles may have salient pole alternators similar to larger machines.

There are two separate types of alternators: the Delta set-up and the Wye set-up.

marine sextant

The second critical component of celestial navigation is to measure the angle formed at the observer's eye between the celestial body and the sensible horizon. The sextant, an optical instrument, is used to perform this function. The sextant consists of two primary assemblies. The frame is a rigid triangular structure with a pivot at the top and a graduated segment of a circle, referred to as the "arc", at the bottom. The second component is the index arm, which is attached to the pivot at the top of the frame. At the bottom is an endless vernier which clamps into teeth on the bottom of the "arc". The optical system consists of two mirrors and, generally, a low power telescope. One mirror, referred to as the "index mirror" is fixed to the top of the index arm, over the pivot. As the index arm is moved, this mirror rotates, and the graduated scale on the arc indicates the measured angle ("altitude").

The second mirror, referred to as the "horizon glass", is fixed to the front of the frame. One half of the horizon glass is silvered and the other half is clear. Light from the celestial body strikes the index mirror and is reflected to the silvered portion of the horizon glass, then back to the observer's eye through the telescope. The observer manipulates the index arm so the reflected image of the body in the horizon glass is just resting on the visual horizon, seen through the clear side of the horizon glass.

Adjustment of the sextant consists of checking and aligning all the optical elements to eliminate "index correction". Index correction should be checked, using the horizon or more preferably a star, each time the sextant is used. The practice of taking celestial observations from the deck of a rolling ship, often through cloud cover and with a hazy horizon, is by far the most challenging part of celestial navigation.

Speed Sensitive Steering

An outgrowth of power steering is speed sensitive steering, where the steering is heavily assisted at low speed and lightly assisted at high speed. The auto makers perceive that motorists might need to make large steering inputs while manoeuvering for parking, but not while traveling at high speed. The first vehicle with this feature was the citroen sm with its diravi layout although rather than altering the amount of assistance as in modern power steering systems, it altered the pressure on a centring cam which made the steering wheel try to "spring" back to the straight-ahead position. Modern speed-sensitive power steering systems reduce the mechanical or electrical assistance as the vehicle speed increases, giving a more direct feel. This feature is gradually becoming more common.

google driver less car

 The Google driver less car is a project by  google that involves developing technology for autonomous car. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car." The project is currently being led by Google engineer sebastian thrun director of the  SAILand co-inventor of google street view Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle stanley which won the 2005 darpa grand challengr and its US$2 million prize from the united states department of defense The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the  darpa grand and urban challenges

The U.S. state of nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011 permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada. Google had been lobbying for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the nevada department of motor vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2013. The license was issued to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. As of April 2013, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads. California became the third state to legalize the use of self-driven cars for testing purposes as of September 2012 when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View.