duster specificaion

Dimensions & Weight
Length	4315 mm
Width	1822 mm
Height	1695 mm
Wheelbase	2673 mm
Ground Clearance	205 mm

Capacity
Seating Capacity	5 Person
Doors	5 Doors
No of Seating Rows	2 Rows
Bootspace	475 litres
Fuel Tank Capacity	50 litres

Engine & Transmission
Engine Type	1.5 dCI K(K THP Diesel engine
Displacement	1461 cc
Fuel Type	Diesel
Max Power	108 bhp @ 3900 RPM
Max Torque	248 Nm @ 2250 RPM
Mileage (ARAI)	19.01 kmpl
Alternate Fuel	Not Applicable
Valve/Cylinder (Configuration)	4, DOHC
Cylinders	4, Inline
Transmission Type	Manual
No of gears	6 Gears
Dual Clutch	0
Sport Mode	0
Drivetrain	FWD

Suspensions, Brakes, Steering & Tyres
Suspension Front	Independent MacPherson strut with coil springs & anti-roll bar
Suspension Rear	Torsion beam axle with coil springs & anti-roll bar
Front Brake Type	Disc
Rear Brake Type	Drum
Steering Type	hydraulic power assisted
Minimum Turning Radius	5.2 metres
Front Tyres	215 / 65 R16
Rear Tyres	215 / 65 R16 Safety Airbags 2 (Driver & Co-Driver) Dual-Stage Airbags No Middle rear three-point seatbelt No Braking & Traction Anti-Lock Braking System Yes Electronic Brake-force Distribution Yes Brake Assist Yes Electronic Stability Program No Traction Control System No Locks & Security Engine immobilizer Yes Central Locking Remote Child Safety Lock Yes Comfort & Convenience Cruise Control No Air Conditioner Manual Rear AC Separate Zone Heater Yes Power Steering Yes Steering Adjustment Tilt Ash Tray No Keyless Start Yes CD Changer No Headlight off and lgnition Key Off Reminder Yes Paddle Shift No Rear Parking Sensors Yes Vanity Mirrors on Sun Visors Co-Driver Only Cigarette Lighter No 12V Power Outlets Yes Seats & Upholstery Seat Upholstery Fabric Active headrest No Driver Height Adjustable Seat Yes Lumbar Support Driver Only Folding Rear Seat Full Driver Armrest No Rear Armrest With Cup Holder Head-rests Front & Rear Adjustable Head-rests Front & Rear Leather-wrapped Steering Wheel No Front Seat Pockets Yes Audio Controls in Rear Armrest No Storage Cup Holders Front & Rear Doors, Windows, Mirrors & Wipers Power Windows Front & Rear Rear Defogger Yes Boot-lid Opener Internal with Remote Door Pockets Front Outside Rear View Mirrors Both Sides Adjustable ORVM Electrically Adjustable Turn Indicators on ORVM No Body-Coloured ORVMs No Rear Wiper Yes Rain-sensing Wipers No Headlight Washers No Exterior Sunroof / Moonroof No Body-Coloured Bumpers Yes Roof Mounted Antenna Yes Lighting Headlamps Conventional Automatic Head Lamps No Fog Lamps Front Clear lens Head Lamp Yes Daytime Running Lamps No LED tail lamps No Clear lens Tail Lamp Yes Headlight Height Adjuster Yes Instrumentation Distance to Empty Yes Average Fuel Consumption Yes Average Speed Yes Clock Digital Seat Belt Warning Yes Low Fuel Level Warning Yes Door Ajar Warning Yes Entertainment, Information & Communication Music Player Size 2 Din Integrated (in-dash) Music System Yes Touch-screen Display No GPS Navigation System Yes AM/FM Radio Yes CD Player Yes MP3 Playback Yes DVD Playback No Bluetooth Compatibility Phone & Audio Streaming iPod Compatibility No USB Compatibility Yes Aux Compatibility Yes Speakers 4 Wheels & Tyres Alloy Wheels Yes Tubeless Tyres Yes

Advantages and disadvantages of torsion bar suspension

The main advantages of a torsion bar suspension are durability, easy adjustability of ride height, and small profile along the width of the vehicle. It takes up less of the vehicle's interior volume than coil springs. A disadvantage is that torsion bars, unlike coil springs, usually cannot provide a progressive spring rate. In most torsion bar systems, ride height (and therefore many handling features) may be changed by simply adjusting bolts that connect the torsion bars to the steering knuckles. In most cars with this type of suspension, swapping torsion bars for a different spring rate is usually an easy task.

renault

Renault made an excellent move in the Indian car market by launching the Duster compact Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV), also known as Dacia Duster in the international market, in 2012. This car made a huge impact on the position of the French auto maker in India, which was slightly shaky before the introduction of Duster. The car has done remarkably well in both, international and Indian markets. In fact, the popularity of Renault Duster paved the way for success of the compact SUV segment in India. To further capitalise on the success of the car, Renault has come up with the facelift version of the same that is set to be globally showcased at the Frankfurt Auto Show in September 2013.

Renault Duster facelift to be unveiled at Frankfurt Auto Show

Experts suggest that with the facelifted version of Duster, when launched in India, will continue to clock good sales counts. The French car maker has decided to give one of its best selling cars a new look to carve a different customer base. Apart from minor tweaks, everything else is expected to remain the same as before. However, industry experts feel that the changes made will be prominent enough to make the new facelifted version distinguished from the current one.

Sources close to the development process revealed that the French car maker will provide a more rugged look to the reworked model. The new Duster will get a redesigned grill which will now have two chrome strips. It will also feature daytime running lights along with new air intake and double-optic headlights. Also, the new air intake and larger light clusters will be hidden behind a redesigned front grille. Chrome tipped exhaust along with newly designed tail lights are the only changes to appear at the rear. Reports suggest that the yet to be launched car will also feature an Eco2 button on the 1.5-litre dCi prototypes.

Regarding the new changes, David Durand, Head of Styling for the Entry range at Dacia was quoted as saying, “We built on the appeal of the original model and its proportions. Identity components such as the grille have been modernized. We have also strengthened the 4×4 cues of the vehicle, while keeping all its useful features. New Duster gets an even stronger character while retaining its initial DNA.”

The Duster compact SUV is also expected to get a new set of roof bars with slatted supports. It will also feature a new badging and a chrome plated tail pipe along with a set of 16-inch Dark Metal alloys. Even without making any substantial changes and sticking to non-comprehensive makeover, the French auto manufacturer is quite confident of attracting new customers through the facelift. Although the changes announced are applicable for the European version of the car, it has been speculated that the new version will also debut in other markets soon after its official launch.

As of now, it can be said that the external upgrades are minor in nature. According to sources, the reason Renault would not have liked to give Duster a major changeover is that the design of the car highly contributed in its success. The car features 16-inch 'Dark Metal' alloy wheels, which will add to the sporty side profile of the upcoming car. Dacia, in its press conference, claimed that the upgrades will 'underscore the car's on-road stance and robust, "go-anywhere" character.' More news regarding the Duster facelift is expected in the near future, before the Frankfurt Auto Show in September, 2013.

car central lock

Bicycle cranks

Bicycle cranks can vary in length to accommodate different sized riders and different types of cycling. Crank length is measured from the center of the pedal spindle to the center of the bottom bracket spindle or axle. The larger bicycle component manufacturers typically offer crank lengths for adult riders from 165 mm to 180 mm long in 2.5 mm increments, with 170 mm cranks being the most common size. A few small specialty manufacturers make bicycle cranks in a number of sizes smaller than 165 mm and longer than 180 mm. Some manufacturers also make bicycle cranks that can be adjusted to different lengths. While logic would suggest that, all other things being equal, riders with shorter legs should use proportionally shorter cranks and those with longer legs should use proportionally longer cranks, this is not universally accepted. However, very few scientific studies have definitively examined the effect of crank length on sustained cycling performance and the studies' results have been mixed. Bicycle crank length has not been easy to study scientifically for a number reasons, chief among them is that cyclists are able to physiologically adapt to different crank lengths. Cyclists are typically more efficient pedalling cranks with which they have had an adaptation period. Several different formulas exist to calculate appropriate crank length for various riders. In addition to the rider's size, another factor affecting the selection of crank length is the rider's cycling specialty and the type of cycling event. Historically, bicycle riders have typically chosen proportionally shorter cranks for higher cadence cycling such as criterium and track racing, while riders have chosen proportionally longer cranks for lower cadence cycling such as time trial racing and mountain biking. However, the evolution of very low rider torso positions to reduce aerodynamic drag for time trial racing and triathlon cycling can also affect crank selection for such events. Some have suggested that proportionally shorter cranks may have a slight advantage for a rider with a very low torso position and an actute hip angle, especially as the rider pedals near the top-dead-center position of the pedal stroke.

Flywheel

A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels have a significant moment of inertia and thus resist changes in rotational speed. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed. Energy is transferred to a flywheel by applying torque to it, thereby increasing its rotational speed, and hence its stored energy. Conversely, a flywheel releases stored energy by applying torque to a mechanical load, thereby decreasing its rotational speed.

Common uses of a flywheel include:

• Providing continuous energy when the energy source is discontinuous. For example, flywheels are used in reciprocating engines because the energy source, torque from the engine, is intermittent.
• Delivering energy at rates beyond the ability of a continuous energy source. This is achieved by collecting energy in the flywheel over time and then releasing the energy quickly, at rates that exceed the abilities of the energy source.
• Controlling the orientation of a mechanical system. In such applications, the angular momentum of a flywheel is purposely transferred to a load when energy is transferred to or from the flywheel.

Flywheels are typically made of steel and rotate on conventional bearings; these are generally limited to a revolution rate of a few thousand RPM.Some modern flywheels are made of carbon fiber materials and employ magnetic bearings, enabling them to revolve at speeds up to 60,000 RPM.

wagon r STINGRAY

Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, the country's largest passenger car manufacturer, never fails to amaze us. The last time we wrote about them it was about Maruti Ertiga CNG that help Indian car-owners beat rising fuel prices and the Maruti Suzuki app for car serving. This time around, the automobile industry is getting a new entrant. With the upcoming launch of Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Stingray hatchback rumored to be around end of August this year or during the festive season as sales for passenger cars normally see a substantial increase at that time, there's much excitement among the folks who love unveiling of cars.

We all are aware of the fact that Maruti Suzuki's Wagon R has been popular on the Indian roads and it still sells on an average 13000 units per month. So, the all new Wagon R Stingray is among a lot of speculations about the features that it is going to sport. There was also news about the hatchback being spotted in a photography session and a demo version of the new car was seen at a Maruti Suzuki dealership. What took to everyone's attention was the huge Experience Stingray logo on a new chrome strip. The overall sporty look and feel of the Suzuki Wagon R Stingray has a bold front fascia that makes it look more masculine
Much is being written about the new Wagon R and its features - such as it features a bonnet with a large dam, slim headlamps, revised fog lamp clusters and a slim chrome grille. Running on four grey-finish alloy wheels, new rear spoiler and sleek tail lamps, the car has a kind of aggressive look that's just out there. Coming to the interiors, we are reading about black upholstery, high quality floor mats, an advanced audio system, electronically adjustable optical rear view mirrors, projector headlights, Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and airbags.

The Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Stingray specifications may resemble mostly with the current Wagon R running on the roads. Therefore, we might see three-cylinder K Series 1-litre petrol engine that will be mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox. Though there's no official word about the price or the availability of this new car, according to reports, the hatchback's price in India could be around Rs. 4.10 lakh. So are the recently launched nissan micra and micra-active 2013 as well as hyundai grand i10 the competitors to the Wagon R Stingray? We will find out in due time. Let us know your views about the upcoming hatchback in the Indian car market through comments below.

Update: The car is going to feature tilt-adjustable steering wheel and electrically adjustable rear view mirrors. The KB 10B 1-litre engine produces 68PS of power and 90Nm of torque. Top-spec Vxi (O) gets driver-side airbag and ABS. A fuel economy figure of 20.51 kmpl for the Wagon R Stingray is being claimed.